The Impact Of Sustainability On The Business World And...

How Sustainability Is Used In the Business World and Professional Business Communication When talking about sustainability numerous people associate it with just protecting the environment. Sustainability is far more than going green, but it is a principle that many companies have adopted and have worked persistently to improve over the last several years. Sustainability is defined as the ability to continue a behavior indeterminately, but it also includes improving human life overall. Sustainable development is broken down into three pillars: economic, social, and environmental (Harich Bangerter, 2014). Economics is the study of how people use resources, which correlates to the goal of sustainable development by using resources to their full potential (Laszlo, C., Zhexembayeva, N., 2011, p. 60). Economic sustainable development allows companies to give their customers what they want without overusing mutual resources. Social development combines the social world with the physical realm to provide a good quality of life (Benoit, 2010, p. 7). Social sustainability focuses on the well-being of people and their communities. Environmental development, the most recognizable, includes protecting the environment by reducing pollution, recycling, switching of electronic devices when not in use, etc. All three of these pillars make up what is known as sustainable development. In this paper, I researched a company and their involvement in sustainability and how it applies to theShow MoreRelatedSustainability Is Still A New Concept In The Lebanese Community.1043 Words   |  5 PagesSustainability is still a new concept in the Lebanese community. Since 2009, many initiatives took place to embed sustainability into businesses in Lebanon, by creating the Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) Lebanon website and by making annual international meetings since 2011 to discuss sustainability in practice and not only in theory. Lebanese banks have been implementing sustainabil ity in their approaches, and they have been financing small businesses and start-ups to move into more sustainableRead MoreSustainability Revolution : Earth, The Plant We Call Home1537 Words   |  7 PagesSustainability Revolution: Earth, the plant we call home, is a complex system made of interdependent parts and pieces of life that are constantly changing. Earth’s planetary system has maintained a balance of dynamic equilibrium—it has been sustainable— since its beginnings about 4.5 billion years ago. This balance, however, has been progressively disrupted by us—humans— especially during the last few decades. Mother Nature has provided us with natural resources and the habitat for all species toRead MoreThe International Integrated Reporting Council Essay1613 Words   |  7 Pagesfollowed by the conclusion. Discussion The concept of The International Integrated Reporting Council (IIRC) has publicized the ‘Integrated Reporting Framework’. The definition of Integrated Reporting () has been classified as â€Å"a concise communication about how an organization’s strategy, governance, performance, and prospects, in the context of its external environment, lead to the creation of value over the short, medium and long-term† (IIRC, 2015). is a development on an integrated philosophyRead MoreCorporate Social Responsibility ( Csr )1696 Words   |  7 Pages REXL Group are a multi-billion, world-wide based company that provides infor-mation and analytics support solutions to business consumers for over 30 years within 4 dif-ferent market segments, recruiting over 30,000 employees in 40 different counties. The aim includes supporting better decision making, results and productivity with the businesses of their clients. REXL holds the vision for the long-term success of the company as: â€Å"Our vision is to be a world-leading provider of information solutionsRead MoreExecutive Directors : An Effective Business Model731 Words   |  3 Pages Executive directors have an obligation to act as financial stewards in managing and leading the organization to sustainability. Executive directors must ensure compliance with financial requirements and adherence to accounting principles. They are also responsible for ensuring fiscal responsibility and building public trust (Minnesota Council of Nonprofits, 2014). Leaders, including the board of directors have the obligation to ensure that financial resources accomplish their missions effectivelyRead MoreCorporate Social Reporting ( Csr )1556 Words   |  7 Pagesgrown skeptical of business in the wake of corporate scandals such as Enron, Tyco, and WorldCom followed by the sub-prime mortgage market, which have all gained large amounts of negative publicity. Stakeholders are more aware of the performance of companies along a broader set of metrics that portray the company’s operations in a more comprehensive manner that provides information about social performances and environmental performances. Much of the concept of corporate sustainability is rooted in theRead MoreCompanys Csr Sustainability Program1485 Words   |  6 PagesIV. Company’s CSR-Sustainability Program A. History The rising need for protection of intellectual property rights and improvement of public health lead the pharmaceutical industry to establish an agreement in 2001 with the World Trade Organization. In Sanofi’s earliest archived sustainability effort, Environmental Progress Report 2001, it states that Sanofi has taken initiatives to promote sustainable development as a reaction to the rise of wider and on going responsibilities. They have pursuedRead MoreThe Effects of Globalization1678 Words   |  7 Pagesshrinking or reduction of the world as well as an increased consciousness in regards to the world as a whole. Globalization is a term which is used in the description of changes in societies and the economy of the world which results in a dramatic increase in investment, cross border trade s well as cultural exchange. Globalization is dominated by nation states, economies of national and the cultural identities of nations. Globalization creates an interconnected world with a global mass culture whichRead MoreRunning Header: the Compare and Contrast of Andy Grove and Michael Dell1321 Words   |  6 Pagesthe field. Andy believed that building experimentation into the everyday business would someday be reason for market share recovery. Similar to Michael, Andy also thought like an outsider as he formulated his new business strategy. That outsider approach was the turning point in Intel’s legacy. Michael Dell forever defined consumer value. Michael understood that the consumer was the driving force of any successful business, and technology was no different. Often times when an organization producesRead MoreThe Sustainability Of An Organization Through Public Relations1289 Words   |  6 Pagesdetermine the sustainability of an organization through public relations however, this point will seek to outline how credibility within PR can reflect an organization. Public relations emphasizes its importance through credibility which can be displayed through the management of relationships and reputation. Credibility can be established through a variety of methods within an organization, one method is through Corporate Social Responsibility. This can be identified as â€Å"business practices involving

An Engineered Wonder of the World - 800 Words

An Engineered Wonder of the World This bridge needs neither praise, eulogy nor encomium. It speaks for itself. We who have labored long are grateful. What Nature rent asunder long ago, man has joined today. This is a quote from Joseph Strauss, the engineer that designed the Golden Gate Bridge. The Golden Gate Bridge is truly a piece of engineering excellence. It stretches for almost 9,000 feet over the San Francisco Bay, in San Francisco, California. The bridge has faced many problems during the designing process, construction, and even to this day it produces controversy. The final result of the bridge, however, is an amazing engineering feat that will be around for a long time. To begin, in 1916, James H. Wilkins had the idea to†¦show more content†¦The rest of the pressure is supported by the cables. These vertical cables receive the bridge`s tension forces. The Golden Gate Bridge is a â€Å"textbook† suspension bridge (Lamb, Robert, and Michael Morrissey). Thus, with all of the designs and made, the Golden Gate Bridge was ready to be built. To continue, it was January 5th, 1933, when construction officially started on the bridge. The two anchorages of the bridge were the first parts to be built. The first of the two to be built was on the San Francisco side of the bay. The other on the Marin side of the bay. The San Francisco tower access trestle was then started. It extended for more than 1,000 feet off shore. Unfortunately, a major setback was met on August 14, 1943. On this date, a steamship crashed into the access trestle, and damaged almost 400 feet. The repairs were not completed for another four months. Then to make matters worse, the trestle was battered again, but for 800 feet of damage this time. Another four months were needed for these repairs. Next up was the Marin tower. As previously stated, suspension bridges have two towers, and this was the first of the two built. There were no problems faced in the construction of the tower, and it was completed in about a year. The San Francisco tower was built next. Then the cables were put on, and finally on November 18th, 1936, the two sections of the bridge were joined in the middle. After this, the roadway was finally put in. OnShow MoreRelated Genetically Modified Foods Essay1128 Words   |  5 PagesPublic cities around the world are becoming more involved with a wide array of new technologies without realizing it. From super computers that calculate the movement of satellites without human involvement, to handheld personal computers. Consumers abide with an egregious array of brand new scientific advances that are accompanied by confusing new terms. The food and drug administration, commonly known as the F.D.A, is focusing much of their time with food biotechnology. The all-encompassing useRead MoreGenetically Modified Organisms Or Gmos1231 Words   |  5 Pages The world is an ever changing place, full of people with constantly evolving ideas and innovations. Humans have been designed to create and innovate; to explore the world aro und them and to solve problems. One of these innovation scientists have been working with are genetically modified organisms, or GMOs for short. The topic of GMOs is extremely controversial. There are those who back it one hundred percent, and those who seek to see it destroyed. While much of GMOs’ fame comes from the fieldRead MorePros and Cons of Genetic Engineering Essay1733 Words   |  7 Pagesenvironment, living organisms and the product being engineered have been widely talked about up until the last few years where the amount of discussion going on about this topic has dropped immensely. For this reason this paper contains older information that I find to still be a valid outlook on what genetic engineering has in store for us. As with many other topics of debate, there are two big sides to the controversy of genetically engineered foods: people who believe they are unsafe, and thoseRead MoreHow the Christian Faith Contends with Genetic Engineering Essay example719 Words   |  3 Pagesspecies of any kind. Makes me wonder if my faith can handle the concept that mankind can alter what God has created, and whether or not I want to be apart of a world that is not original but fake. I will contend with these two subjects and try to find if I want to belong to a society that is engineering a new world. Genetic engineering of any organisms, is it possible? The scientists have genetically engineered some of the following:  · The superpig engineered with human growth hormone gene #8230; Read MoreBenefits Of Genetically Modified Organisms Essay1375 Words   |  6 Pagespeople in underdeveloped parts of the world (geneticallymodifiedfoods.co). GMO’s are also seen as a more economical option because of the reduced need of pesticides and herbicides, which should increase the farmers profitability margins, saving them money in the long run. Another proposed benefit of genetically modified food is the ability to improve food quality. Take bananas for instance, many bananas that are imported into the United States have been engineered to stay green for an extended periodRead MoreThe Truth about the Food Industry 719 Words   |  3 PagesOrganisms) have been around in the markets for the last 20 years GM crops can be engineered to be naturally pest-resistant, undermining the need for pesticide chemicals. GM crops can be engineered to tolerate extreme weather conditions, such as cold fronts or droug hts, allowing for a geographically diverse range of growth sites. GM crops can be engineered with added vitamins and minerals, which is especially beneficial in third world countries dealing with malnutrition ( Rachel). However, the topic of theRead MorePersuasive Speech: Why We Should Abandon Genetically Modified Food1580 Words   |  7 PagesPersuasive Speech: Genetically Modified Food We all enjoy a cold glass of milk with homemade cookies, a refreshing pop on a hot summer day, and a juicy cob of corn in the summer months. But, do we ever wonder what is really in our food? Because genetically modified foods do not have to be labeled, you will likely never know if the food you are consuming is genetically modified. As a fellow member of the Organic Consumers Association, I am eager to inform you of why genetically modified food isRead MoreWhat Are Gmos Or Genetically Modified Organisms?1230 Words   |  5 Pages What are GMOs? Elijah A. Padron Jr. February 8, 2016 Module 3 Project â€Æ' What are GMOs? The word GMOs or genetically modified organisms is being used a lot in the media and politics. Many may wonder what exactly GMOs are? By definition GMOs are organisms whose genetic material has been altered using genetic engineering techniques. This may include the mutation, insertion, or deletion of genes. Hearing that may make many individuals not want to eat anything that has been missed withRead MoreGenetically Modified Organisms ( Gmos )1692 Words   |  7 Pagesthey have the basic human right to. Yet, as John McQuiad mentions in â€Å"Is Genetically Engineered Food the Food of the Future?† companies have yet to be mandated to state whether or not a product contains GMOs, and this is worrying the public. McQuiad asserts that when modified foods are on the shelves, it isn’t â€Å"immediately obvious to the average shopper since at present there is no law requiring a genetically engineered food to be identified as such.† This leaves many factors unknown to t he consumerRead MoreGenetically Modified Organisms ( Gmos )1587 Words   |  7 Pagesgenetically modified to be herbicide-resistant and/or insect-resistant (USDA, 2015). It has been estimated that upwards of seventy-five percent of processed foods on supermarket shelves – from soda to soup, crackers to condiments – contain genetically engineered ingredients. GMOs are one product of a remarkable expansion in agricultural biotechnology. They offer the possibility of addressing some difficult problems, but they also present a number of uncertainties. Their development has sparked debates

Causes Of Climate Change Free Essays

Climate change is when the climate changes by warming up or cooling down over a period of time. Climate change is occurring now, the climate is warming up dramatically, and this is known as global warming. In the past the temperature has gone up and has gone down, and the climate has warmed up and then after a period of time cooled down. We will write a custom essay sample on Causes Of Climate Change or any similar topic only for you Order Now The first way that climate changes naturally is by the amount of energy produced by the sun and how much we receive. This varies over time, sometimes more energy is produced by the sun and sometimes less is produced. When the sun produces more energy the climate warms up and when the sun produces less energy the climate cools down, this is because when the sun provides more energy the earth receives more heat, and warms up the climate and when the sun produces less energy the earth receives less heat so the climate cools down, this all happens over a long period of time. The second way the climate changes naturally is by how the earths orbit around the sun changes. The earths orbit can change from orbiting the sun in a spherical way to an elliptical way. When the earth orbits the sun in an elliptical way the earth is often warmer, because at some points to earth comes closer to the sun in its orbit, and when the earth gets closer to the sun the energy has got less distance to travel, and when the sun and the earth are close together the suns energy has a smaller area to spread over so the energy warms up the climate in that part. The third way that climate changes naturally is by the change in the earth’s axis. At the moment the tilt of the earth is at 23.5 degrees. When the earth tilts away the earth gets less energy, and makes the climate cooler, but when the earth tilts the other way the earth gets more energy and warms up the climate. This takes place over 41,000 years. The fourth way that the climate changes naturally is as the earth wobbles as it spins on its axis, as the earth wobbles, one side tilts closer to the sun than the other, so the side that gets closer to the sun, receives more energy from the sun, and the  energy only has a small distance to travel so it heats up that part of the earth and warms up the climate, and the other side of the earth that wobbles away from the sun has less energy received by the sun and the energy has more distance to travel, so the side that wobbles away from the sun gets cooler and then the climate cools down, as some of it gets lost in space. The fifth way that the climate changes naturally is by all of the Co2 in the air, all of the carbon dioxide in the atmosphere is trapping all of the heat, produced by the sun, and this causes temperatures to rise. Records show that temperatures rose from 8000 BC dramatically even though there were few people on the earth, the earths population was around the population of London. This shows that the climate can warm up with very few people on the earth producing Co2 In conclusion people don’t always produce all the Co2 in the atmosphere or cause the climate to warm up; it could sometimes just be our earth itself. How to cite Causes Of Climate Change, Papers

The Impeachment Trial Of President Clinton Essay free essay sample

, Research Paper President William Jefferson Clinton is the 3rd president in our state # 8217 ; s history to confront the Constitutional menace of impeachment and merely the 2nd president to of all time be impeached by the U.S. House of Representatives. Andrew Johnson was impeached by the House of Representatives in 1868 for go againsting the Tenure of Office Act of 1867 when he tried to throw out the Secretary of War, Edwin M. Stanton ( Short History ) . Richard Nixon resigned from the Presidency before he was charged with condemnable confederacy in the Watergate Scandal ( Short History ) . Article II, Section 4 of the Constitution sets the evidences for impeachment. The Constitution provinces: # 8220 ; The President, the Vice President, and all other Civil Officers of the United States, shall be removed from office on Impeachment for, and Conviction of, Treason, Bribery, or other high Crimes and Misdemeanors # 8221 ; ( Renstrom 458 ) . The Clinton Impeachment Trial is unlike the Johnson and Nixon instances because he did non touch off any intra-governmental struggles like Johnson, nor did he take portion in a condemnable confederacy as Nixon did. Some Democrats question if the Clinton Articles of Impeachment are valid harmonizing to Article II, Section 4 of the Constitution. William Clinton began his early political calling as many politicians do. He was a bright pupil throughout his old ages in high school, college, and eventually jurisprudence school. A Rhodes bookman and Yale Law School alumnus, Clinton seemed to be on the right route to success. He served as Arkansas # 8217 ; Attorney General and Governor of the province for five footings. Clinton revived the Democratic Party and led it to two footings of White House control through the presidential term. However, Clinton # 8217 ; s lift to power took a incorrect bend when he was accused of sexually hassling a former Arkansas province employee named Paula Jones ( L.A. Times ) . Jones foremost spoke out against Clinton in 1994, but it wasn # 8217 ; t until January of 1998 that the president would hold to reply inquiries in his defence against Jones. It was besides at this clip that the independent advocate, Kenneth Starr, who had been look intoing Clinton for the Whitewater existent estate matter n ow claimed to be spread outing his probe. Starr alleged that a former 24-year old White House houseman named Monica Lewinsky had been asked to lie, in the Jones torment instance, about if she had sexual dealingss with the president by Clinton himself and friend Vernon Jordan ( L.A. Times ) . Starr began to dig deeper until he had adequate grounds against the president. On September 9th, 1998, Kenneth Starr delivered his expressed 453-paged study to the U.S. House of Representatives. For a president to be impeached at that place must foremost be a formal accusal brought up by the House of Representatives ( Short History ) . Article I, Section 2 of the Constitution states that the House of Representatives # 8220 ; shall hold the exclusive Power of Impeachment # 8221 ; ( Renstrom 452 ) . By December 12, the House Judiciary Committee had approved four impeachment articles that would travel to the floor of the house for a ballot. The four articles of impeachment against Clinton were: Perjury before a expansive jury, bearing false witness in the Paula Jones instance, obstructor of justness, and an maltreatment of power ( U.S News 23 ) . Even though the president # 8217 ; s attorneies had done a sensible occupation at supporting him in forepart of the House Judiciary Committee, the articles passed because the bulk of the commission members are Republicans, and is chaired by Representative Henry Hyde from Illinois. Prominent Congressional Democratic leaders like Sena te Majority leader Tom Daschle and House Minority leader Richard Gephardt sought after a Congressional animadversion for President Clinton alternatively of the full impeachment. However, the Democrats did non acquire a animadversion declaration for Clinton before the ballot took topographic point in the House of Representatives ( U.S. News 21 ) . For any of the articles to go through, a bulk of the House was necessary ( U.S. News 104 ) . House of Representatives Resolution 611, the impeachment of William Jefferson Clinton for high offenses and misdemeanours, took topographic point on December 19th. The 435-member House of Representatives voted for two of the four impeachment articles. The two articles that passed were obstructor of justness and bearing false witness before the expansive jury ( U.S. News ) . The bearing false witness charge against Clinton passed 228-206 and the obstructor of justness charge passed 221-212 ( Houston Chronicle ) . Although the House Republicans had wo n a triumph by acquiring two articles of impeachment approved, the Senate would hear the balance of the instance against President Clinton. As stated in Article I, Section 3 of the United States Constitution: # 8220 ; The Senate shall hold the exclusive Power to seek all Impeachments # 8221 ; ( Renstrom 452 ) . This subdivision of the Constitution besides sets up some extra guidelines that the Senate must follow. The Senate must move as the jury and # 8220 ; be on Oath or Affirmation. # 8221 ; Besides, the Chief Justice of the Supreme Court is instructed to p reside over the test. â€Å" ? no Person shall be convicted without the Concurrence of two tierces of the Members present† pertains to the figure that it takes to make a strong belief ( Renstrom 452 ) . On January 7th, Republicans discourse how the test will continue, which lasts for a hebdomad. Get downing on January 14th, the 13 prosecuting officers of the instance, called impeachment test directors, started their gap remarks. The test directors were the Republican Representatives that serve on the House Judiciary Committee. The Judiciary Committee Chairman, Henry Hyde, was besides the caput test director. Along with Mr. Hyde were Representatives Bob Barr from Georgia, Charles Canandy from Florida, Lindsey Graham from South Carolina, Asa Hutchinson from Arkansas, James Sensenbrenner signifier Wisconsin, Steve Buyer from Indiana, George Gekas from Pennsylvania, Ed Bryant from Tennessee, Bill McCollum from Florida, Steve Chabot from Ohio, Christopher Cannon from Utah, and Jame s Rogan from California. This all-male, all Republican, all-lawyer squad argued that taking President Clinton was necessary to protect the regulation of jurisprudence and safeguard the â€Å"covenant of trust† between the president and the state ( Clinton Under Fire ) . The attorneies that defended President Clinton were main White House advocate Charles Ruff, David Kendall, Cheryl Mills, Nicole Seigelman, and former Senator and Clinton friend Dale Bumpers ( Clinton Under Fire ) . 74-year old Chief Justice William Rehnquist officiated the test as instructed by the Constitution. Previously, Rehnquist had written an history of the Andrew Johnson impeachment test called Grand Inquests ( Clinton Under Fire ) . The biggest struggle between Republicans and Democrats in this test revolved around informants. Originally, the House directors sought after Monica Lewinsky to attest, along with Vernon Jordan, and Sidney Blumenthal. Jordan was brought in because he had purportedly asked Lewinsky to lie under curse at the Paula Jones instance deposition she gave, denying that she had had any sexual dealingss with President Clinton. The test directors felt that by holding Sidney Blumenthal as a informant, it would assist the instance against Clinton # 8217 ; s obstructor of justness ( Clinton Under Fire ) . For about a month, Republicans and Democrats, House directors and White House attorneies, pitched their scheme for winning. On February 12th the Senate reached a finding of fact after three yearss of considering. William Jefferson Clinton was acquitted on the two counts of bearing false witness before the expansive jury and obstructor of justness. The Republicans did ill in the test. They control the Senate by 10 seats and did non acquire a bulk on either charge. The first article of impeachment, bearing false witness, was a 50-50-split ballot. The obstructor of justness charge was 45 for strong belief and 55 against strong belief ( Houston Chronicle ) . Whether or non President Clinton acted in an immoral manner towards Monica Lewinsky is non every bit of import as the fact the he likely lied to the American people. Is he is genuinely guilty of the impeachment charges brought against him in the House of Representatives? Clinton did emerge from the test with a repute for stating prevarications and now his presidential term will stay tarnished until he leaves office. Unfortunately, Bill Clinton misused the trust of America as a whole. As Representative Henry Hyde asked, # 8220 ; If you can non believe the president, who can you believe? # 8221 ; ( Clinton Under Fire ) . For some ground, Clinton maintained a just blessing evaluation among the people of the state. His blessing during the test was mostly due to the fact that the economic system has remained better than it has been in old ages. So what are Americans believing about politicians? Let the president prevarication and allow Congress utilize one million millions of dollars on a pointless test? Although the test and other facets of Clinton # 8217 ; s private life are everyday, the fact that all three subdivisions of our federal authorities came together at one clip is. Gerson, Michael J. # 8220 ; End Games. # 8221 ; US News A ; World Report 21 December 1998: 20-29 Gergen, David. # 8220 ; It # 8217 ; s clip for a cease fire. # 8221 ; US News A ; World Report 4 January 1999: 16-29 Renstrom, Peter G. Constitutional Law and Young Adults. ABC-CLIO. Santa Barbara: 1996 # 8220 ; Impeachment Trial Ends. # 8221 ; Houston Chronicle. Online. Internet. 2 Feb. 1999. Available: www.chron.com. # 8220 ; The Impeachment Trial: Key Players. # 8221 ; Houston Chronicle. Online. Internet. 1 Jan. 1999. Available: www.chron.com. # 8220 ; Clinton Under Fire. # 8221 ; BBC News Online. Available: news.bbc.co.uk/ hi/english/events/clinton_under_fire/profiles/newsid_168000/ 168540.stm. # 8220 ; A Short History of Impeachment Before Clinton. # 8221 ; Available: infoplease.lycos.com/spot/impeach.html. Los Angeles Times: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.latimes.com/HOME/NEWS/REPORTS/SCANDAL/ PATHWAY/tpointframe.htm. January 31, 1999.

How Effective Teachers Support the Youngest Childrens Literacy Development

Motivation For me, the most relevant aspect of teaching is fostering children’s interest. I believe motivating the youngest learners to read is crucial for an effective teacher. Tompkins et al. (2012) stress the importance of motivating children as the learners’ interest in reading is the basis of their further learning.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on How Effective Teachers Support the Youngest Children’s Literacy Development? specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The task with the picture of a mouse is very suggestive (and can be used in classroom) because children understand that writing and reading enables them to share very important ideas (Tompkins et al., 2012). They form understanding that reading can help them extract new information or express themselves. Previously, I felt I had to make leaners motivated. At present, I have the necessary tools to do this. For instance, I know I can use various texts on topics which are interesting for children, children can read in pairs and groups. Stages of Literacy It seems natural that the effective teacher should understand that the youngest learners move through several stages of literacy development. These stages are emergent, beginning and fluent. The effective teachers should be aware of the most common issues the youngest learners may face and understand the methods to address the issues. Annandale et al. (2005) highlight these issues and different ways to help learners cope with them. For example, the researchers note the one of the most wide-spread issues is the lack of vocabulary (Annandale et al., 2005). Therefore, it is important to pay special attention to development of children’s vocabulary. Of course, I will have to fill in this gap in my knowledge by observing the work of more experienced teachers. Literacy Roles I think it is but natural that the youngest learners should try different literacy roles (me aning makers, code breakers, text users and analysts). Apart from helping learners develop their literacy, these roles make them more interested in reading and writing. Of course, trying the roles, the youngest learners improve their reading and writing skills (Tompkins et al., 2012). I have learnt a lot about the use of these roles, but I feel I need to have more information on the matter. It is a good idea to observe the way learners cope with different roles and let them try (more often) roles they find challenging.Advertising Looking for essay on education? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Contextualisation Tompkins et al. (2012) emphasise that the effective teacher should be able to contextualise words, phonic elements, sentences and entire texts. Contextualisation is ability to use an element in a variety of contexts. For example, a child truly understands a word if he/she can use it properly in different contexts, senten ces. The teacher should be able to effectively transfer the meaning of different elements (phonic units, words, sentences, etc.). It is necessary to add that apart from development of analytical skills, this also contributes to the youngest learners’ motivation. I understand that contextualisation is an important technique in developing literacy in the youngest learners. This understanding is essential for me as a practitioner as I will be able to develop new ways to contextualise different elements. Reference List Annandale et al. (2005). First steps writing map of development. Port Melbourne: Rigby. Tompkins, G., Campbell, R. Green, D. (2012). Literacy for the 21st century: A balanced approach. Frenchs Forest, NSW: Pearson Australia. This essay on How Effective Teachers Support the Youngest Children’s Literacy Development? was written and submitted by user Maxx Serrano to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Free Essays on Cambodia Environmental Problems

Not unlike the rest of the world Cambodia faces serious environmental problems. Their main problems include such things as population growth, air pollution, water pollution, solid waste disposal and loss of ecosystem, through urbanization and deforestation. Cambodia being a country with very little wealth has had quite a hard time dealing with these issues. First off let us look at their population growth, which is one of the more primary reasons for most of their ecological problems. The population is Cambodia is estimated to be 11.2 million with an average growth rate of 2.8 percent. It is predicted to reach 22.8 million by 2025. From our previous studies we know that population growth is one of the primary contributor to air pollution and deforestation. Cambodia’s major natural resources include fish, meat, grains and vegetables. With the overcrowding of the country it has become increasingly more difficult to obtain healthy fertile farmlands, which in turn puts a strain on the already unstable economy. Because of the overcrowding in Asia we have seen a dramatic increase of acid rain, considered to be a â€Å"newer† problem for that region. The acid rain not only hurts their crops but also contaminates their water supplies. Along with acid rain we must look at the global warming issue. Due to a major drought over the last years the crops have been anything but plentiful. Many attribute these problems to the population boom. The droughts from pervious years have brought with them record low water levels and dried out one lake and one river. Not only causing massive reductions in the fish market but also making drinking water less and less abundant. Most of the deforestation that has been taking place within the region has been done so illegally. The laws protecting these lands have yet to be enforced. There are two main reasons for the deforestation they include, increased internal demand, more houses being built to replaces t... Free Essays on Cambodia Environmental Problems Free Essays on Cambodia Environmental Problems Not unlike the rest of the world Cambodia faces serious environmental problems. Their main problems include such things as population growth, air pollution, water pollution, solid waste disposal and loss of ecosystem, through urbanization and deforestation. Cambodia being a country with very little wealth has had quite a hard time dealing with these issues. First off let us look at their population growth, which is one of the more primary reasons for most of their ecological problems. The population is Cambodia is estimated to be 11.2 million with an average growth rate of 2.8 percent. It is predicted to reach 22.8 million by 2025. From our previous studies we know that population growth is one of the primary contributor to air pollution and deforestation. Cambodia’s major natural resources include fish, meat, grains and vegetables. With the overcrowding of the country it has become increasingly more difficult to obtain healthy fertile farmlands, which in turn puts a strain on the already unstable economy. Because of the overcrowding in Asia we have seen a dramatic increase of acid rain, considered to be a â€Å"newer† problem for that region. The acid rain not only hurts their crops but also contaminates their water supplies. Along with acid rain we must look at the global warming issue. Due to a major drought over the last years the crops have been anything but plentiful. Many attribute these problems to the population boom. The droughts from pervious years have brought with them record low water levels and dried out one lake and one river. Not only causing massive reductions in the fish market but also making drinking water less and less abundant. Most of the deforestation that has been taking place within the region has been done so illegally. The laws protecting these lands have yet to be enforced. There are two main reasons for the deforestation they include, increased internal demand, more houses being built to replaces t...

Answer the question Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 5

Answer the question - Assignment Example The case was against the state where Batson v. was a defendant from the U.S supreme court acting as the defendant. He had a great argument that the blacks were of the same fitness as the white people to have a place in the judiciary. The case was first filled in Kentucky, in the state court of petitioner. This case was then discussed in many other courts like the United States’ Supreme Court. Joe Gutmann, who was a prosecutor, agreed that Supreme Court made a good decision since it prohibited lawyers from discerning in jury assortment. He said that the reason of him removing the black was as they were youthful and they might have sympathized with Batson. The case took almost a year to be decided. It was in the U.S Supreme court where the case was decided. Finally, the black society had the right and positions in the judiciary. The violation of their rights as the black was no longer there. Black venire men have excited (Overland,

Sounding fetish Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Sounding fetish - Research Paper Example Once inserted, tiny electric shocks are administered† (Snow, 2012, p. 1). As the rod vibrates inside the penis touching its walls, it feels great, which is why people have a sounding fetish. â€Å"That feeling of â€Å"should that be in there?† followed immediately by â€Å"who cares! It feels FANTASTIC!†Ã¢â‚¬  (urethralplay.tumblr.com, n.d.). A fetish is an intense emotional and/or psychological attachment to a part of body or an object. The attachment is sexual in that people that have the fetishes cannot have sex unless they think about the part of body or the object with which they have the fetish. The presence or absence of the fetish in either or both of the sex partners plays a fundamental role in their ability to enjoy the sex. If only one of the sex partners has a fetish, it may be disturbing and irritating to the other sex partner, or at least, the sex partner who does not have a fetish might feel unfulfilled and unsatisfied during and after having the sex. However, if both the sex partners have a similar fetish i.e. they have a fetish towards the same part of body or object, then the sex between them can be very enjoyable, wonderful, fulfilling, and satisfying. The fetish can be with anything. Things people can have fetishes with may include but are not limited to shoes, hair color, and nipple ring. Some people think that sexual attraction of a man for another man or of a girl with an old man is also fetish, but it is not since age or gender is not something that can be touched, they are abstract nouns. Defining a particular class of people who have a fetish is not realistic, since anybody can have it. However, there are certain factors that increase an individual’s tendency to have a fetish. For example, models working in the porn industry frequently have sex with models who wear tongue rings, navel rings, nipple rings, penis rings,

Value Based Management Research Proposal Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Value Based Management - Research Proposal Example This project is therefore an effort to find out the importance of value based management and how companies are doing it. The realisation for a need to identify the key stakeholders in order to optimise their contributions towards the cause arose when the modern management principles were experimented with. Stakeholder concept was originally defined as, "those groups without whose support the organization would cease to exist". But the term 'stakeholder' as such was introduced by the Stanford Research Institute in 1963, for generalising the notion of 'stockholder' when the term was made a part of the internal memo (Zsolnai, 2006). These days management encompasses a range of issues involving various aspects like environment friendliness, adherence to rules and regulations, management of the human resources, ethical business practices and of course the profitability of the operations. Japanese management philosophy of commitment to serving the timely needs of a stakeholder has been at the back of the concepts like JIT, and Kaizen. Value based management, in a way is termed to carry forward these very p rinciples. Koller (1994) finds out that one of the key reasons behind the failure in delivering the objectives is the setting of unrealistic performance targets. While underlining the fact that value is created only when companies are able to invest the capital at rates exceeding the cost of that capital, Koller (1994) state that value based management helps companies in devising the targets in such a manner that they get strategic as well as operating advantages. Even an ordinary individual investor expects profits from investing in shares of an enterprise. As a result, the investor keeps comparing his or her holdings with other such investment opportunities. It is for the company and its management to retain the interest of such investors into the enterprise. While devising suitable strategies for value based management, it is equally important that the enterprise is able to take stock of the outcome as a result of implementing certain policies and decisions. Therefore, the search for suitable metrics in order to measure economic performance represents an essential area in theory and practice of company management. In these times of globalization, liberalization, market deregulation, cut-throat competition and industry consolidation, value-based company management becomes all the more important. The manner in which some of the reputed banks and companies have melted during the ongoing recession around the world, is an indicator that if the company is not able to make itself strong enough to take on uncertain times, it will have to face the heat. Rationale of the Study As the industrial activities see an upsurge on global scale, it requires the stakeholders to be more conscious about their investments, risks and operating conditions. For example, when the Lehman Brothers announced bankruptcy in 2008, the world community was taken aback. But, subsequently, stakeholders started taking more active interest and becoming more aware about the operational details and financial health of the companies. With an objective of maximizing the market value and using the 'shareholder value' enterprises have now started resorting to newer evaluation models. The idea

Nature Of Competition In The Consumer Cosmetic Market Marketing Essay

Nature Of Competition In The Consumer Cosmetic Market Marketing Essay With regards to brand popularity and customer experience, Procter and Gamble is considered to be among the most successful brands in the global market. Moreover, Olay, anti-aging skin-care produced by the company is a renowned brand not only in the U.S but the entire global market. By using this brand for the case, the study demonstrates features and market communication approaches that could be utilized by brand marketers in order to gain competitive advantage locally and internationally. The study focuses on brand communication and promotion approaches that have resulted into positive consumer attitude towards the brand in the global market. Overview of Olay Brand Olay is a skin care product produced by Procter Gamble in U.S. The product is one of the leading skin care market brands in the global market, and the leading earner brand for Procter Gamble. In majority of the markets, including China, US and UK, Olay is the anti-aging market leader despite the competitive market environments. The brand is further extended into other products such as Total effects, Professional, Quench, Regenerist, Olay Vitamins and White Radiance. Olay is used as a moisturizer for those who desire to stay looking young since it is anti-aging cream. Nature of competition in the consumer cosmetic market It is important to note that demand for cosmetic brands is on the rise as more people settle for aesthetic beauty and body care. The Olay brand is mainly in the anti-aging market which experiences rising consumer demands as well as competition. The anti-aging product market is heightened by the increasing aging population especially in the developed countries, and the increased desire by both the younger and older consumers to maintain youthful appearances. With a growth forecast of 4.3 per cent between 2009 and 2014, the anti-agers market is expected to experience steady global growth. Such a market growth rate is higher than that of any other cosmetics category, and therefore the anti-agers category has attracted more players in the market; both large and smaller companies intensifying fierce competition globally. This implies that the market players have to apt their marketing approaches in order to retain their clients and appeal to more in the market. The graph given below demon strates the rate of launch of new anti-aging products in the global up to 2009; Figure 2.2: Graph showing stronger growth and competition in anti-aging market Source: Datamonitors Product Launch Analytics (2010, p.2) As given in figure 2.2, the anti-agers launches almost equaled the launches of overall skin care products in the global market. The sharp rise in anti-agers launches even during 2007-2009 economic recession showed that anti-ages are recession-proof, and that consumers are likely to demand for anti-agers even in harsh economic climate. Moreover, the graph shows rising competition in this category, implying that brand marketers have to think of newer approaches of communicating to their consumers. Brand communication based on product differentiation and innovation Being such a competitive market, market players need to ensure that their brands are appealing to the consumers in the market if they are to gain good command of the global anti-aging market. Innovation is therefore high among the industry players, ranging from brand packaging strategies, product promise to ingredient formulation in the products. Olay brand marketers capture the cognitive aspect of their consumers by communicating their innovation and differentiation vividly to their customers. The communication is often done through memorable packaging, and product arrangement in the stores. A survey conducted by Datamonitor (2010) between 2005 and 2009 revealed that the leading aspect that all the anti-aging products market players hold in the highest esteem is up-scaling. About 17 per cent of the new product launches that took place in the global market between 2005 and 2009 were touted (communicated) as up-scaling. Some other popular claims that resulted in new launches were mainly based on consumer health. The claims included the the communications which justified the products as not harsh to the consumer skins. The pie-chart given below show some of the aspects (features) that characterised the claim of new anti-aging skin care launches in the global market as widely communicated by different brand marketers to the appeal of the consumers. Source: Datamonitors Product Launch Analytics (2010, p.5) Communication strategies used by Olay to dominate market Procter Gamble has made attempts to achieve competitive advantage in the competitive global anti-aging skin care cosmetics market. Apart from being Procter Gambles strongest brand, Olay is the leading anti-aging skin care brand in the global market. The most remarkable Olay milestone was in 2003 when the sale of the brand broke the US$ 1 billion mark, showing the growing strength of the brand in the global market. Brand performance survey which was conducted in the U.S in 2009-2010, and said to be highly representative of the global market showed that Olay brand commands greater chunk of the skin care product market, beating its number two brand by nearly half (Datamonitor, 2010). The table given below shows the 2009-2010 Olay performance in the US market (with the results said to be representative); Company Brand 2009-2010 % Market Share Procter Gamble Olay 16.7 Procter Gamble Ponds 8.4 Procter Gamble L Oreal Paris 5.5 Johnson Johnson Aveeno 5.3 Johnson Johnson Garnier 5.1 Johnson Johnson Neutrogena 4.6 Johnson Johnson Nivea 4.5 Johnson Johnson Noxzema 4.0 L Oreal Dove 3.8 L Oreal Clinique 3.6 Due to its better market performance as compared to other brands, Procter Gamble capitalized on the Olay brand strengths and worked on its weaknesses so as to ensure continued market leadership in the global market. First, the company created and actively promoted various sub-brands of Olay, with each sub-brand aligned to a unique tier with the purpose of attracting customers from a larger demographic base. The sub-brands of Olay brand include the following; Olay Total Effects this is the cheapest sub-brand of Olay, targeting the low and middle income earners in the global market. The key features of this brand as communicated by the marketers, and that are majorly pronounced in the brand adverts include the following; tone enhancements, line minimization, gentle exfoliation, nourishing moisturisation, subtle lifting, free radical defense and pore refinement. Apart from its appealing packaging (appendix 1 a), these are the brand communication strengths that have kept the brand afloat in the market. Olay Complete this is a mid-priced Olay sub-brand with the following product communication features as the focus strengths; it offers sun protection to the skin using UVA/UVB, and Vitamins A, C, D and B5; the brand has moisturizers with the green tea extracts. The brand packaging is appealing with the Olay logo clearly marked on the package to arouse consumer memories (Appendix 1 b). Olay Regenerist this is another mid-priced Olay sub-brand with the formulation strengths combining the following ingredients as the focus of their brand communication; Pal-KTTKS, pentapeptide and other anti-aging ingredients such as Vitamins B3 and E, allantoin and green tea extracts. The packaging of the sub-brand is similarly appealing with the Olay logo clearly marked on it (appendix 1 c). Olay Definity the mid priced product contains glucosamine ingredients with the marketing statement being; fight what ages you most. The packaging demonstrates an appealing product design with the logo clearly visible (appendix 1 d). Olay Pro-X this is the latest sub-brand created by the Procter and Gamble Company to capitalize on the brand popularity of Olay. The product is premium priced and brand designed to give the consumers younger look skin through cell turn-over rate boosting. The packaging design is shown in appendix 1 e. Given that Olay Pro-X is the latest Olay sub-brand in the market, and is the greatest seller for the company, the current study will dwell on some of the communication used for promoting the brand. Olay Pro-X sub-brand Pro-X is the latest Olay sub-brand that the Procter Gamble Company is capitalizing on. The product was first launched in the US market in 2008, and since been introduced in other major and fast growing markets such as China, Canada and UK. The premium priced skin care products sell at a price range of between US$ 42 and US$ 62 depending on the market. The most remarkable differentiating feature of the product is its complex ingredients, containing peptide complex Pal-KT. The ingredients which were developed by Procter Gamble scientists, and are exclusive to the company enhance a firm skin look of the consumers. As a brand communication and pricing strategy, Olay Pro-X products are retailed in department store brands with the right store ambience to beat its high priced rivals Lancome and Clinique. To combine communication and experiential features, the sub-brand is distributed throughout major drug stores, chain stores, super market channels and discount stores through the world to ensure easy access by the consumers. The presence of Pro-X brand across different market structures despite its premium nature is meant to encourage the growth of Olay brand through competition at different pricing points, positioning the masstige alongside lower and mid priced Olay sub-brands. In its promotional strategies, Procter Gamble aimed to satisfy its target market by sensitizing its consumers of the following attributes through effective brand communication; Cleansers: restorative cream cleanser and exfoliating renewal cleanser Complete Regimen Protocols: anti-aging starter protocol and the intensive wrinkle protocol Primary moisturizing solution: hydra firming cream, age repair lotion and wrinkle smoothening cream. Targeted specialized treatments: deep wrinkle treatment, eye restoration complex, intensive firming treatment, skin tightening serum and discoloration fighting concentrate. By availing all the above components and benefits of Olay Pro-X sub-brand, Procter Gamble ensured variety for their consumers through one brand. A section of consumers who are loyal to Olay brands confessed that in majority of cases, they get their expectations in the Olay products that they use (). The products from the Pro-X range have similarly received awards from media, showing that the brand is well received by people as reflected on the media. A 2009 Americas Healthiest Beauty Buys competition run by Health Magazine selected Pro-X Eye Restoration Complex as the best eye product in the market. In another product competition known as Defy Your Age Beauty Award, Pro-X Age Repair Lotion SPF emerged as the best product in the category. Such acknowledgements by media have instrumentally encouraged more consumers to try the Olay brands due to independent verification of the brands as opposed to promotions. Product marketing strategy for the Olay Pro-X sub-brand Procter and Gamble Company has worked towards creating a professional brand image for the Pro-X product to appeal to more customers in the global market. As evident on the product packaging (appendix 1e), all the Olay Pro-X products are actively and conspicuously labelled with the word professional so that the brand aim is swiftly known to the customers. The word professional has been used as a strategy not only by Procter Gamble but several other companies in the global market. The word is intended to convince the clients that the products are better alternatives to solve their problems in a superior manner, given that majority of the products labelled professional are premium. Figure 2.3 given below shows the number of major brands that have used the word professional as strategy to entice customers; Figure 2.3: Graph showing use of the word professional as a branding strategy Source: To the customers, the perception of the word professional becomes real especially after comparison usage images (outcome before and after the product usage) and consumer testimonies as placed on media. The higher prices of Olay Pro-X brand (at between US$ 42 and US$ 62) acts to validate the premium and professional image of the product in the global market. However, this price is quite significant for most customers to pay for cosmetic products, particularly in the harsh economic climate witnessed during the 2007-2009 economic recession. Being aware of the economic challenge that customers face, Procter Gamble introduced pricing strategies and promotional activity appeals to the customers who make compromises on their spending and consumer assurance offers. One of such offers which were used in the US market was referred to as rebate and money-back guarantee scheme. In this scheme, the customers could send their purchase receipts to the company for a US$ 20 refund on products bought at US$ 50 and above. This would encourage trial buying, and give the customers opportunity to test if the brand information suites the product features and ingredients as had been communicated earlier. The pricing strategy was used as a tool against other competitors in the market. Although Olay competitors retailed at the same or almost similar price, the pricing strategy enabled new customers to try the Olay products and later on be loyal to them. In a nutshell, Procter Gamble through effective communication strategies ensured that Olay brands are reliant on their customers, and therefore informed the belief that Olay products were worth their prices. The Olay Pro-X brand promotion has been boosted by infomercial about the brand. Despite the brand sales being strong and on the rise, the company developed about thirty minutes infomercial that informed their customers about the brand values and benefits. Quoted in Womens Wear Daily (2010), Chris Heiert, the brand marketing director justified the Olay infomercial by making the following remarks; Consumers are information seekers and want to understand the science and technology. That led to this idea which is the best of both worlds. We will be able to reach new consumers but when she wants to go back and purchase it, she can-in the mass market. (In Datamonitor, 2010, p.11). The infomercial stressed on the science behind the manufacture of the product, interviewing the scientists who developed the product, and presenting some of the clinical tests data on the product. The infomercial similarly displayed shots of Olay consumers before and after use of the product. Due to the longer duration of the infomercial, it was imperatively designed to capture the attention of viewers throughout the duration of play rather than at the start or end. Overall, the infomercial played a key role in informing Conclusion and relevance of the case study to the study topic The anti-aging skin care market upon which Olay brand competes is quite competitive locally and internationally. This warrants effective communications on brand innovation and differentiation as vital strategies for market survival. In order to ensure the relevance of Olay brand Procter Gamble offered novel aspects of the brand that encouraged its purchase over its substitutes and competitors. Introducing new ingredient that had never been used by competitors (Pal-KT) in its Olay Pro-X products, Procter Gamble were able to create a unique brand that was more result oriented as opposed its competitors. However, the result was achieve through effective communication that ensured accurate product promotion based on what the consumers were expected to draw from these products. Secondly, Procter Gamble Company through Olay brand managed to win consumer trust through media and scientific verification of its products. It is extremely important for brand marketers to gain the support of consumers through loyalty to the brands. The scientific and media verification are particularly gained when the test results conducted before and after the product use are valid as in the brand communication. In the case of Olay Pro-X brand, Procter Gamble introduced a money back guarantee scheme that would help assure the customers of the workability and reliability of the product. Moreover, brand campaigns, store ambience and brand packaging played a central role in winning consumer trust on this brand. The word professional was used as a branding communication strategy on the product packaging and stores so as to assure consumers of the reliability of their products. Finally, Olay brand popularity was ensured through adverts and promotions. Specifically, the company used infomercials (which is relatively a new approach to brand promotions) to provide strong marketing platform to promote the brands. Infomercials focus on the strengths of the brand being promoted by highlighting the past successes of the brand. Pegged with the brand verification, infomercials importantly build brand loyalty and equity in the market while encouraging new set of customers to try the brand. The strategies given here and others could be used by the local Chinese cosmetics manufacturers to gain dominance in the local industry. 4. METHODOLOGY Introduction 4.1 Research Philosophy This current study used the philosophy of applied research. Applied research takes place in environments that are characterized by organizations, systems, cultures, behavior, rules, politics and processes. These components execute simultaneously and change over time. Any effort to analyze an organization or an industry will result in findings showing differences in characteristics, habits and rules across the different constituent components. To develop a clear insight when researching on issues that may affect organizational performance, the situation and the entities (constituent factors) must be comprehended. The uniqueness of a situation must be understood and considered when researching. Constructivism is based upon the assertion that knowledge on phenomena is best-retrieved from people or entities that are immersed in the research environment (Denzin and Lincoln, 2011). Thus the focus is on the participants and entities that have experience and knowledge on the phenomena being studied. Constructivism as a post-positivist philosophy is generally opposed to positivism, in terms of the absolute validity of knowledge. Constructivism is based on the tenet that knowledge can be constructed from multiple dimensions. The existence of multiple realities is emphasized in different variations of constructivisms epistemology (Creswell, 2009). The world under constructivism and most research areas are complex and can be analyzed from multiple perspectives that should therefore be considered in creating knowledge. Thus, the approach is best suited in studying aspects that are influenced by a multitude of factors. Constructivism also requires that the researcher should understand the position and potential effects that their views have on the accuracy of their findings (VanderStoep and Johnston, 2009). The choice of constructivism in research philosophy is guided by the nature of the problem being addressed in the study. Different approaches have been adopted in analyzing the eff ectiveness of marketing communication strategies. In essence, this implies that the area being studied is complex and can be analyzed from different dimensions. Therefore, there is a match between the tenets of constructivism and the nature of the problem being studied. 4.2 Research Design Both qualitative and quantitative research designs were used in the study. The choice of a qualitative research design was guided by the nature of the study and the epistemology that has been adopted. Qualitative research designs are generally developed with the aim of creating a deeper understanding of the data. In most cases, qualitative inquiries are not pre-emptive. The nature of the study, the scope and the strategies that will be used in data collection are often determined by the research questions. Additionally, the analytical process under a qualitative research design may influence the direction that is adopted. Though the research design adopted should be in line with the nature of the research questions, some situations have been identified as suited for qualitative studies. A number of these scenarios are evinced in the current study. First, qualitative techniques are suitable in cases where there is little known on the subject area (Bohnsack, Pfaff and Weller, 2009). It is worth noting that even though marketing communication is an area that is has been intensely researched; fewer studies have explored how brand marketing communications impacts on consumer attitudes. Majority of the studies are based on consumer behavior change without exploring their attitudes towards the brand. From this perspective, the study appears to be exploratory in nature and therefore a qualitative research design is suitable. Secondly, a qualitative research design is appropriate in cases where a study seeks to develop an understanding of the participants experiences. Under the epistemology adopted, understanding the participants experiences is vital in developing valid and reliable results. Hence, the study attaches great weight to the participants experiences. Likewise, qualitative research design is suitable in cases where it is difficult to approach the participants due to practical or ethical reasons (Denzin and Lincoln, 2011). The study delves on issues relating to marketing communication and its impact on consumer attitude; it illustrates how marketing communication would be used to influence consumers positively towards a given brand. These are issues of critical importance to competitive firms and it is therefore expected that getting data for quantitative data analysis may not be easy. Accordingly, the anticipated practical difficulties have also played a role in the adoption of a qualitative re search design. Lastly, a qualitative research design has been adopted because it supports the nature of the research questions as much as it is in line with it. A qualitative research design allows for greater flexibility than formal quantitative techniques. This flexibility offers the support needed to collect rich data so as to answer the research questions. The quantitative part of the study aimed to understand how various brand marketers use marketing communication to influence consumers attitudes towards their brands. Data collection instruments consisting of semi-structured questionnaires were prepared for quantitative data collection. Unlike the qualitative data collection approaches, data results were presented in numbers and statistical measures (Creswell, 2009). Using quantitative research methods ensured that the measurable effects of marketing communication with respect to consumer attitudes towards the brands in question were achieved. 4.3 Research Approach The research approach used has to be in line with the research design and the epistemology adopted. A case study approach was also used in the study. Case study methodologies have been used in different research fields with varying levels of success. Marketing communication research studies have adopted this research approach as well. Ideally, a case study is expected to capture the complexities of selected cases. Most researchers concur with the view that selected cases should be contemporary; it is a complex functioning unit and it has to be investigated in its natural context. The method of inquiry used and interest in individual cases have been identified by different researchers as important aspects in selecting and implementing a case study approach. The case studys methodology is related to other methods in that it allows for the use of different techniques and approaches in analyzing a case from multiple perspectives. Triangulation of approaches and findings from the different approaches is also supported by a case study approach (Bohnsack, Pfaff and Weller, 2009). This is the main reason why the case study approach is often referred to as a meta-method. Proctor Gambles Olay was selected as the case for various reasons. First, Proctor Gamble Company engages in a lot of marketing communications with a view of convincing consumers to buy its products. Additionally, Proctor Gamble is one of the companies that have global leader brands in terms of cosmetics and pharmaceuticals. This shows that the company is progressive and more likely to embrace marketing communication strategies as a means of changing consumer attitudes towards its brands. Lastly, the researcher could easily access information on marketing strategies of the co mpany as opposed to other first tier rivals in the global market. The first step in the research approach was selecting a case. The next step involved seeking permission from relevant authorities within the selected organization so as to carry out the study. In seeking permission, the researcher informed the relevant authority about the aim of the study and the procedures that will be used. These were measures intended at ensuring informed participation and gaining any support that could be offered by the company. Additionally, the study involved perusing through advertising and marketing communication initiatives by the case organization. The next step involved selecting members of the organization that would be interviewed. The selection was based on availability and knowledge of the marketing communication initiatives implemented by the company and their effects on respective brands that were investigated. Sample and Population The definition, selection and sample of the population are important aspects in research. For this study, the participants were mainly drawn from Proctor Gamble Company. To start with, the researcher collected qualitative data from three employees of the company. The employees, were mainly in the marketing department were selected depending on their ability and knowledge of the marketing communication strategies used by the company to promote its brands. The study thus focused on marketing communication professionals within the case company. Convenience sampling is used due to the multiple practical issues that have to be considered. Furthermore, the potential participants are few and so the use of random sampling approach was considered to be unfeasible. Secondly, the researcher collected quantitative data from 100 participants who were considered to be consumers of Proctor and Gamble Olay brand. The consumers were identified from Proctor Gamble stores and shops where they agreed and consented to their participation. In seeking for the consent of the participants, the researcher requested them to spare about 10 minutes in order to complete the survey questionnaires. The researcher even explained to the participants the importance of the research. The researcher also explained to them that the activity was voluntary and they could only participate if they want to. Instrumentation The semi-structured survey questionnaire that was used by the researcher sought information on the participants background variables, information on marketing communications, and the duration of interaction with Proctor and Gamble Company products. In relation to the interviews, the study focused on the four major areas that are highlighted in the research objectives and questions; the features that firms and brand marketers consider when preparing a marketing communication for a brand; the marketing communication aspects that influence consumer attitudes and buying behaviors towards brands in the market; the impacts of new technology introduction in the marketing communication with regards to consumer behavior and attitudes towards a brand; and, ways of building business network and stronger brand through effective marketing communication. Determination of how the variables were brought out in the research questions were considered as important aspects in the research process. It is worth noting that the study was not limited to short answers. Rather, the participants were required to expound on their views and the researcher looked at the brand marketing communication efforts that the company has in place. Data Collection The study involved the collection of two sets of data: data from the interviewees and data collected through administering of the questionnaires. The focus was on active marketing communication efforts rather than past marketing strategies. In collecting the qualitative data, the focus was on collecting information from employees within the case organization that have the knowledge and experience of the effects of brand marketing communications. Semi-structured interviews were used because they allow for the flexibility afforded by unstructured interviews and they also support formal organization required to answer the first research question. The use of semi-structured interviews is thus guided by the requirements brought about by the instrumentation of the variables. Use of semi-structured interviews is both feasible and practical with respect to collecting rich data and time requirements. After selecting the participants, they were required to identify the days that they would be free to be interviewed. This was a measure aimed at ensuring that the interviewees were comfortable with the selection of the time and place of interview. The interviewees were then individually informed of the day, place and time that the interview will take place. The interviews were conducted via telephone conversation and recorded for transcribing later. Each interview ran for about 30 minutes. The participants were not in any way coerced or influenced into participating in the study. They were informed of the aim of the study and the nature of the questions that would be asked beforehand. Additionally, the interviewees were informed that they were free to ignore some questions for either institutional or personal reasons. These measures were aimed at ensuring that the interviewees were at ease. Due to the strategic importance of marketing communication to the organization, the questions directed to the interviewees focused on the company stance on the same. This indirect approach of questioning is important since in most cases, it reduces the pressure on the interviewees. Moreover, they generally relayed their experiences in their workplaces (from which they have developed their personal views). As indicated earlier, the researcher approached customers at Proctor and Gamble stores and shops, and asked them to take about 10 minutes in order to complete the quantitative survey questionnaires. The participants did this at their own volition. Data Analysis Qualitative data analysis techniques were used to analyze the data while considering the research questions. The two major data analysis techniques used were quasi-statistics and logical analysis. Quasi-statistics is a qualitative data analysis technique that involves counting the number of times something is mentioned. This technique is important in answering the second and third research questions. On the other hand, logical analysis is a qualitative technique that involves generalization of causation and logical reasoning processes. To support the logical reaso

Women in the Cival War Essay -- essays research papers fc

Women in the Civil War The Civil War, which lasted for four long years, was a â€Å"total war† involving every aspect of society. During this time in one of the bloodiest of wars, northern and southern women were as equally involved as their male counterparts, if not more. Because of this war, women were forced to abandon their traditional roles of the 19th century, and participate in the war effort. Some fearless women disguised themselves as young men, and took on the role of soldiers, in order to show their patriotism. Some of the more cunning women freelanced as spies outside the government sphere, so that they could participate in the war. Others supported the war effort by taking on the roles of nurses who risked their lives on the battlefield; however, most of them worked in hospitals located in the rear. No matter how big or small the role they played during the civil war, the significance of their effort and support broadened beliefs about the abilities of women and what they could achieve outside of the home. One of the more significant roles that women played during the civil war was that of a soldier. Both Union and Confederate armies forbade the enlistment of women, so those that wanted to enlist, crossed gender boundaries and disguised themselves as young men and assumed masculine names. This war was not only a man’s fight, but it was also a woman’s fight. Female civil war soldiers, like the male soldiers, lived in camps, suffered in prisons and died for their respective causes. They were wounded prisoners of war, and killed in action. Going to war was strictly by choice and they were all aware of the risks involved. Many had never fired a rifle before much less contained the understanding of the army way of life, but nevertheless, they still managed and some were very successful. It was estimated that 400 women rolled up their pants, bound their breasts, and cut their hair, in order to enlist with the fighting forces. Among those that joined the Confederate Army ranks was Mrs. Amy Clarke, â€Å"who enlisted with her husband and continued service after he was killed at Shiloh. It was not until she was wounded a second time and captured by the Federal that Mrs. Amy Clarke’s gender was detected†. Female soldiers had plenty of guts; they did not faint at the sight of blood, nor did they swoon in unbearably hot weather. They endured the same physical and... ...ty, NY: Hanover House, 1954. The author of this book provided a plethora of biographies, techniques and accomplishments of women, who spied for the Union Army listing the most influential to the least. Markle, Donald C. Spies and Spymasters. New York : Hippocrene Books, 1994. This book gave examples of female spies from both the Union and the Confederate Armies. These examples included the most significant women and the methods they used that are still practiced in espionage today. United States National Park Service. â€Å"Clara Barton – Angel of the Battlefield.† Home page on-line. Available from http://www.nps.gov/anti/clara.htm; Internet; accessed 30 July 03. This article provided a brief biography of Clara Barton, to include, her experiences on the battlefield as a nurse during the Civil War and a brief outline of her accomplishments after the war. Zeinert, Karen. Elizabeth Van Lew: Southern Belle, Union Spy. New Jersey. Dillon Press,   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  1995. The author gave an intimate view of one of the most significant spies during the Civil War with a thorough background of Elizabeth Van Lew, not leaving out her adventures and hilarious techniques used.