Merchant Of Venice Essays (858 words) - Shakespearean Comedies

Vendor Of Venice When William Shakespeare composed, The Merchant of Venice, he incorporated a female character that impacts the play significantly. In the vast majority of Shakespeare's plays, the ladies have little force and knowledge. In The Merchant of Venice, nonetheless, Portia is a lady that spares the life of a man with her mind and insight. Another lady made by Shakespeare that groups characteristics comparable to Portia is Beatrice, from Much Ado about Nothing. The two ladies add to the primary subjects of the play in light of their capacity to utilize their insight and clever comments just as having a caring heart. The ladies share numerous likenesses as well the same number of contrasts which appear to be unavoidable on the grounds that Portia is by all accounts set up in place of worship that not many can reach. Portia is one of Shakespeare's extraordinary courageous women, whose excellence, exuberant knowledge, speedy mind, and high good earnestness have bloomed in a general public of riches and opportunity. She is known all through the world for her excellence and ideals, and she can deal with any circumstance with her sharp mind. In huge numbers of Shakespeare's plays, he makes female characters that are introduced to be unmistakably second rate compared to men. The one female, Shakespearean character that is most similar to Portia would be Beatrice, from Much Ado about Nothing. Both of the ladies are known for their mind and insight. Beatrice can shield her perspectives in any circumstance, as does Portia. Shakespeare gives every one of them a feeling of intensity by giving their brains the capacity to change words around, utilize numerous implications and answer admirably to the men encompassing them. By adding a caring heart to both of these ladies, Shakespeare makes their knowledge additionally engaging. Despite the fact that Beatrice stows away the caring side of her character for a large portion of the play, she despite everything communicates her benevolence and love in different manners. Like Portia, she is a dear companion and an devoted little girl. In the fourth demonstration, after Portia has spared the life of Antonio, she utilizes her mind, similarly as Beatrice does to test Benedict's affection, to persuade Bassanio to give up the ring that he promised he could never leave behind. After basically requesting it and being ineffective, she chooses to utilize her insight and says, I see sir, you are liberal in offers. /You educated me first to ask, and now methinks/You show me how a poor person ought to be answer'd (IV.ii.438-440). The main fundamental distinction between the two ladies is the way they are seen by different characters. Portia is thought of as an ideal blessed messenger having no imperfections, which is demonstrated when Bassanio depicts her to Antonio and says, In Belmont is a woman luxuriously left,/And she is reasonable and, more attractive than that word,/Of wondrous temperances... Nor is the wide world uninformed of her value, /For the four breezes blow in from each coast/Renowned admirers, and her radiant locks/Hang on her sanctuaries like a brilliant wool,/Which makes her seat of Belmont Colchis' strond,/And numerous Jasons come in mission of her (I.i.161-172). Portia shows all the graces of the ideal Renaissance woman. She isn't yearning, she hushes up instead of prohibitive. She is unobtrusive in her self-estimation. Her liberal soul makes her desire she had more righteousness, riches, what's more, companions with the goal that she can all the more likely assistance those she cherishes. Beatrice, on the other hand, isn't depicted as excellent and despite the fact that she is popular in her society, she isn't thought of in a similar faithful manner as Portia seems to be. Other than sparing the life of Antonio, Portia is additionally used to pass on the subject of misleading appearances. All through the play, Shakespeare utilizes his characters to show the crowd that an individual can't be decided by how they appear to the eye and that a individual can genuinely be recognized by their inward soul. Bassanio picks the lead coffin and demonstrates that despite the fact that different coffins seemed, by all accounts, to be lovely what's more, dependable, the fortune was found in the coffin of lead. Shakespeare portends the subject of appearances when Portia says to her new spouse, You see me, Lord Bassanio, where I stand,/Such as I am... Be that as it may, the full total of me/Is an unlesson'd young lady, unschool'd, unpractic'd,/Happy in this, she isn't yet so old/But she may learn; more joyful than this,/She isn't reproduced so dull yet she can learn (III.ii.149-164). In the wake of saying this to her

Police Officer Loyalty free essay sample

The reason for this paper is to present and talk about the marvel of cop fellowship and unwaveringness, A glance at the questionable issue of cop common unwaveringness and how it might influence the division, examinations and choices made by officials. This turns into a dubious issue when one official is blamed for a wrongdoing or unfortunate behavior and others don't affirm against the official. Cops work in a detached situation, and socially, generally, they are encircled by their individual officials. It isn't unordinary for them to construct long and quick kinships with their individual officials, both at work, and in social circumstances, like war circumstances, where men enduring an onslaught make deep rooted kinships. The Police are a society whose individuals are bound together by the troubles, threats and difficulties of their activity as implementers of the law and defenders of the populace. It is seemingly one of the more high-hazard employments, as one misconception in the quest for a criminal can deliver genuine injury or demise. We will compose a custom exposition test on Cop Loyalty or then again any comparative subject explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page Solidarity and devotion are basic to endurance (Vitalis).

October Sky Essay Example for Free

October Sky Essay October Sky (1999) is one of those great feel-great motion pictures that leave its watchers feeling just as they are equipped for anything with the perfect measure of exertion. What makes this story specifically so convincing is that it depends on a genuine story. Homer Hickam, the film’s hero seemed, by all accounts, to be simply one more child from Coalwood, West Virginia that was bound to consume his time on earth in the mines. In any case, he and his companions wind up building rockets, examining material science and getting away from the distressing future that lay before them. At long last, he and his companions Roy Lee and Quentin can leave the old mining town and become effective in their vocations as architects. My three most loved characters were Homer, Roy Lee, and Miss Rileyâ€the educator that went past the obligation at hand. Homer Hickam is such an agreeable character since he resembles everyman. He originates from an average workers family, and doesn't appear to be a wonder of any sort. Rather, he is energetic, yearning and resolved to head out in his own direction throughout everyday life, keeping awake until late learning complex material science and numerical issues and rocket plan. In spite of the fact that his aspirations for his life vary surprisingly from his father’s wants for him, he exhibits that it is conceivable to have all out regard for somebody in any case. In a discussion with his dad he says, â€Å"Dad, I may not be the best, yet I come to accept that I got it in me to be someone in this world. Also, it’s not on the grounds that I’m so unique in relation to you either, it’s in light of the fact that I’m the equivalent. That is to say, I can be similarly as determined, and similarly as extreme. I just expectation I can be as acceptable a man as you. Certainly, Werner von Braun is an extraordinary researcher, however he isn’t my hero† (Homer Hickam, October Sky). Roy Lee was the second rocket kid that likewise sought to leave the town as he would not like to bite the dust of dark lung malady as his dad had. He generally had a shrewd remark for anything, referencing that on the off chance that they don't prevail with regards to making a rocket that worked, that neither he nor his companions could ever become non-virgins. He likewise had a style for ridiculing Quentin’s ‘hot gases. ’ Though his silliness charms him to the watchers, his thought processes in progress are in reality more typical than Homer’s. While Homer needs to find out about designing and carry on with a superior life, Roy Lee needs to succeed in light of the fact that it will no doubt get him laid. His kinship with Homer was strong. Miss Riley is a little, supporting job in this show, and her story is the most sad. In the wake of educating for a couple of years, she died from Hodgkin’s malady at the age of thirty-two. She was the primary power behind Homer’s accomplishment as she urged the trio to enter the state science reasonable and develop their investigation of material science and arithmetic, frequently working with them twilight. Presently there is an honor made in her name due to her extraordinary commitment. Despite the fact that his dad gave off an impression of being the primary enemy of the story as far as effectively disheartening Homer from his mission, it turns out to be rapidly evident that he accepts that it would be less difficult for his child in the event that he would surrender these fantasies of room flight and settle down to more â€Å"practical matters. † Still, he seems to be hard to like, he is tyrant, forceful, and totally unsupportive of his child. His significant other and Homer both accept that the mine is as long as he can remember and that he adores it more than his family. Tragically, the mines are one of the main places in the region where men can give appropriately well to their families and it is improbable that he had prepared to do whatever else. One of only a handful barely any evident films around that show that one can prevail with a fantasy and a group of steady individuals behind them, even in the most critical of conditions. This is particularly invigorating in light of the fact that many genuine stories on the true to life screen regularly have such lamentable endings.

SAT Tips for non-native English Speakers

Taking the SAT as a non-native English speaker presents a big challenge. If you are in that category, you will just have to work twice as hard as your native English counterparts. Study smartly and you will be on your way to an American school of your choice. Some useful SAT tips for non-native English speakers : Learn vocabulary – One of the easy SAT hacks. Learning English words and their meanings will give you a lot of advantage in many sections of the SAT. Not only will it help you in the sentence correction question, it will also rub off on the Reading Comprehension questions and improve your understanding of English. Use flashcards and apps for learning vocabulary. Grammar is important – The great thing about being a non-native English speaker is that you can pay attention to the details from the scratch. There are rules such as subject verb agreement, punctuations and other such areas which you can learn and apply in the exam. Read, read, read – A non-native English speaker has to do a lot of reading. Even if you don’t like it, you will have to do it. Read articles from the Economist, The Wall Street Journal and online blogs. You should also read novels to get used to reading large amounts of English text. Essay – You may think that you are seriously disadvantaged when it comes to this section. However, if you are preparing well for the exam and devoting time to reading, you can easily write a well-structured essay. You will have to spend time on writing essays. Reading comprehension – It may be a hard section for some but improving on the areas mentioned above will keep you in good stead for this question type. Utilize SAT practice tests to understand questions and work hard. Bolster your strengths – While you concentrate on your weaknesses, don’t ignore your strengths. If you are disadvantaged when it comes to English, make sure that you do full justice to your math questions. This will offset a weaker performance in the English questions. Use study groups – Online study groups such as on this website are a great way to improve your learning. You can connect with peers who are facing similar learning challenges. Study group participants can learn and motivate others in the group. TOEFL – If you have a good TOEFL score, you might get away with a slightly below-par performance on the SAT. Since TOEFL represents your ability to communicate well, it is a good representation of your English skills. Moreover, TOEFL is a much easier exam than the English sections of SAT. Some schools also exclusively consider TOEFL scores. See the requirements of your schools and decide your plan of action. Start Preparing. Related articles # Inequalities 0 661 # Coordinate Geometry 0 1068 #SAT Writing And Language Word- Usage Question Type 0 1162 #SAT Writing And Language Passage Structure Based Question Type 0 2847 #SAT Writing And Language Grammar Question Type 0 1792

Winners Will Be Executed Short Story Analysis - 1085 Words

Winning a lottery is a good thing, right? Someone buys a ticket, then scratches it off or waits to see if they hold the winning number in their hands. However, that is not the case in Shirley Jackson’s world of â€Å"The Lottery†. In her critically acclaimed short story, a small town gathers in the village square and draws a name out of a box, and the ‘winner’ of their lottery is brutally stoned to death. All of this is done in a calm and orderly fashion, as well as without question. The lottery is a yearly event, and has been done for ages. â€Å"All of us took the same chance,†(Jackson) was uttered by the victim of the story, Tessie Hutchinson, is all but true. The town lottery of death is mandatory for all of its residents, young and old. Of†¦show more content†¦Much like the sun, it denotes fertility, and also is the color of jealousy. The town square where the Lottery is being held is a symbol itself. A square is a positive, busy gathe ring place in most communities, and is crucial to the town’s culture and way of life. Squares â€Å"stand for firmness and stability; organization and construction†(Schaub) and â€Å"it is the source of order†(Schaub). Anything that happens in a square is justified. This shows how blindly and willingly the villagers carry out the Lottery, as they believe that they are just preserving the traditions of the village. The last of these elements is irony. It is extremely ironic that the story’s protagonist, Tessie Hutchinson, is late to the lottery that will be the event of her demise, as she â€Å"clean forgot what day it was† and had been doing the dishes. When she arrives at the village square, she stands in the back of the crowd with the other wives, so far back she ‘â€Å"craned her neck to see through the crowd†(Jackson), though she would soon be called up to the front when her family ‘wins’ the Lottery. It is also ironic that she was lighthearted, even chatting and joking with the other wives until her family was selected. She complains to Mr. Summers that he didn’t give her husband enough time to pick his slip of paper, even though his selection was the same time as everyone else’s. And no matter how much her husband andShow MoreRelatedThe Most Dangerous Game By Richard Connell1722 Words   |  7 PagesSuspense, horror, anticipation, a distinct absence of trust in the higher powers that be - these are all crucial characteristic of the exemplary horror story; a representative of the dark side of literature. The Most Dangerous Game, a short story written by Richard Connell focusing in on the interactions between two avid hunters fighting for ultimate victory, and the extent of danger carried by the game, incorporating all of these characteristics to create a scene of depiction unparalleled inRead MoreSymbolizing the Ideas and Beliefs in The Lottery1167 Words   |  5 Pagesacceptanc e of their actions.Symbolism is something that represents ideas or qualities of an object. An example of this can be a dove which represents peace. In the short story The Lottery, it takes place in the late 40s early 50s. The whole story is a contradiction because you would think that having a lottery would be a good thing, but in this story it isn’t. Every year Mr. Graves, who has the most power in the community, gathers them together to have or to do a lottery. As he calls the names of each manRead MoreMonuments of Dr. Jose P. Rizal Around the World5518 Words   |  23 Pagescountry and for others dear to him. To the memory of Jose Rizal, patriot and martyr, executed at Bagumbayan Field December thirtieth 1896, this monument is dedicated by the people of the Philippine Islands. Of all the historical landmarks in the Philippines, the Rizal monument in Luneta easily stands out as the most recognizable and most photographed. It is thus an irony that very few Filipinos know the story behind the building of this important national memorial, and how, more than a centuryRead MoreBioscope: A New Generation of Advertising2791 Words   |  11 PagesBISCOPE: A NEW GENERATION OF ADVERTISING PR PLAN FOR THE LAUNCH OF BISCOPE CONTENTS PAGE Executive Summary Background to the Brief Situation Analysis Macro-enviromental issues Review of the organization and product Key stakeholders and publics Stratgy: Aims ond objectives Key messages Strategic approach and timescale Campaign tactics Pre-Launch : May to September 2014 The Launch itself : October and Noveber 2014Read MoreStrategic Analysis Of Pixar, Winston Churchill2191 Words   |  9 PagesStrategic Analysis: Pixar Winston Churchill once stated â€Å"However beautiful the strategy, you should occasionally look at the results†. The current business environment is rapidly evolving due to the pressures of changing technology as well as the increasing demands firms are under to expand regionally and globally. Successful organizations in this often chaotic and changing environment must continually scan their internal and external conditions in order to respond proactively to market conditionsRead MorePrinciples of Teaching 1: the Relationship of the Taxonomy of Objectives with the Guiding Principles in the Selection and Organizing of Contents8317 Words   |  34 Pagesteacher point out the target objectives that he/she would like to impart to the students. The three domains have its level from lowest to the highest level. The cognitive domain includes (1) Knowledge or Recall, (2) Comprehension, (3) Application, (4) Analysis, (5) Synthesis, and (6) Evaluation. The affective domain includes (1) Receiving, (2) Responding, (3) Valuing, (4) Organizing, and (5) Characterizing. The Psychomotor domain includes (1) Reflex movements, (2) Basic Fundamental movements, (3) PerceptualRead MoreSwot Analysis of Aquafresh3489 Words   |  14 Pagesbrand position as reflected by the phrases â€Å"part,† ‘target audience,† â€Å"actively communicated,† and demonstrates advantage.† |STRATEGIC BRAND ANALYSIS | |Customer Analysis |Competitor Analysis |Self-Analysis | |Trends |Brand image/identity |Existing brand imageRead MoreFigurative Language and the Canterbury Tales13472 Words   |  54 Pagesliterary works. Authors often use allusion to establish a tone, create an implied association, contrast two objects or people, make an unusual juxtaposition of references, or bring the reader into a world of experience outside the limitations of the story itself. Authors assume that the readers will recognize the original sources and relate their meaning to the new context. †¢ Brightness falls from the air/ Queens have died young and fair/Dust hath closed Helen’s eye. -from Thomas Nashe’s â€Å"LitanyRead MoreEssay on 16 Day Coursebook BOWS27896 Words   |  112 PagesBulls on Wall Street 16 Day Trading Bootcamp Do Not Cite, Copy, or Distribute Without Permission Copyright  © 2012 Bulls on Wall St. — All Rights Reserved Contents Chapter 1 – Introduction Chapter 2 - Technical Analysis Value of Technical Analysis Understanding the Dynamics of an Auction Market How to Follow the Flow of Money Chapter 3 - Charting Basics Chart Setup Price/Volume Relationship Intraday vs. Daily Charts Chapter 4 - Understanding Market Cycles Accumulation Run-up Distribution Run-downRead MoreEssay PROJECT PLANNING AND EVALUATION4731 Words   |  19 Pageslearned so much about the significance of planning a project and of course, evaluation with the help of my classmates who have exerted their efforts in reporting the assigned topics. I have also done my part when I have reported about the Economic Analysis and I have learned so much from this, too. These are my views as I have studied and listened to the reports: II. INPUT: 1. PLANNING, APPRAISAL AND DESIGN (reported by: Ms. Jelly Rose S. Victor) The first phase of the Process of Project

Physics of musical instruments Essay - 2009 Words

Physics is all around us, and yet we always overlook it. We see, hear or feel something happen but never stop to question why. Physics will tell us why. Music plays a part in everyones lives. So much so that it is often overlooked and the technicalities of it are unappreciated. Sure there are times when we listen carefully to the music behind the songs we hear, we may focus on the rhythm or the harmonies, but we never think of what it took to make the sounds that we are hearing. In this paper, I will explain the physics musical instruments. I will describe and define sound in psychics terms and then describe how different instruments create their unique sounds. There are so many different kinds of music, and thanks to the variety of†¦show more content†¦As the amplitude grows so does the energy. However amplitude is not directly proportional to energy, rather a multiple by the square roots. For example, a wave with amplitude twice as large actually has four times more ene rgy and one with amplitude three times larger actually has nine times more energy. The loudness of sound is related to the amplitude of the sound wave (Lapp, 2003). The number of waves that pass a certain point per second is called the frequency of the waves. In music, the notes on a musical scale are the way that we can record and read different frequencies. Lower frequencies will let off low pitches while higher frequencies will give off high pitches. We measure frequency in Hertz. 1 Hertz is one wave per second. Similarly, a period is the time it takes for a wave length to pass a point and will be the reciprocal of the related frequency. For example, if five waves passed a point in one second the equation would be f = 3 Hz (or frequency equals three Hertz). The period is the time it takes for one of those waves to pass the point, or the reciprocal of the frequency which would be 1/5 of a second. Speed is the ratio of distance to time. In music terms, speed equals wavelength over time, or speed equals wavelength multiplied by frequency (Lapp, 2003). Musical instruments make sounds by vibrating, and do so when they are at their natural frequency. TheyShow MoreRelated Physics of Music Essay851 Words   |  4 Pageschemistry either Georg Christoph Lichtenberg (1742-1799) Music is not purely a form of art. There is a great deal of science that goes behind the production of beautiful musical sounds. In order to understand how music is possible, one must have an understanding of physics. Physics allows us to create musical instruments with different tone qualities and the ability to be played in a certain way to produce a specific pitch or note. Music is sound, and sound is vibrations or waves that are atRead MoreBlowing Bottle Tops: Making Music with Glass Bottles716 Words   |  3 Pagesabout sound, sound waves, standing waves, musical note names and frequencies, resonance, and closed-end air columns. Closed-end air columns will be a main focus in the paper, studying the physics behind it. Glass bottles are an example of a closed-end air column. Therefore, the more water inside the bottle, the lower the note, and less water would be a higher note. Closed-end air can be many things; ranging from brass instruments, woodwind instruments, organ pipes, and flutes. These closed-endRead MoreEssay about Sound715 Words   |  3 Pages Resonance and Sound†¦Physics and Music Since sound is the medium of music, most of the physics of music is the physics of sound. Its important to remember that sound waves are compression waves. You can imitate a compression wave by stretching out a slinky (you do have a slinky, dont you?) and flicking your finger against a coil at the end. Sound waves are not like the waves on the ocean or the waves you get by waving a stretched-out rope. Take a tuning fork (you do have a tuning forkRead MoreThe Physics of Piano1027 Words   |  4 PagesOne of the most common musical instruments in many homes is the piano; and most people have the opportunity for even a few lessons in their youth. However, despite the simplicity of its lines and keys (88 keys), 2-3 pedals on the modern piano, and either upright (vertical) or grand style (horizontal), the physics of the piano are both interesting and complex. The modern piano is a descendent of the harpsichord, which used a plucking technique much like that of plucking the strings of a harp orRead MoreEssay on Musical Instruments1588 Words   |  7 PagesMusical Instruments A fairly old instrument that is still in use today is the theremin. It has a particular design that is different from any other instrument around and is played much more differently then other instruments in circulation today. The theremin is an electronic musical instrument that is played using electrical fields. When it was first introduced, society was shocked to see this instrument that could be played without even touching it. The theremin is tuned so that it has a rangeRead MoreThe Physics of Acoustic Guitar800 Words   |  4 Pages The Physics of Acoustic Guitar Everything in the universe involves some type of physics. Even the universe itself does, but have you ever wondered about the physics of simpler items? Physics is vital for all musical instruments, if it wasn’t; they probably wouldn’t produce the beautiful sounds that they do. One of these instruments is acoustic guitar. By looking at the instrument, it doesn’t look very complicated, but if you delve deeper into its composition, you’ll find that it’s very complicatedRead MoreSimilarities Between Kepler And Kepler s Platonist Geometric Cosmology1462 Words   |  6 Pageswas comprised of many nested celestial spheres, or orbs. According to M.S. Mahoney, an astronomical researcher at Princeton University, Johannes Kepler, in his physics research, regarded â€Å"the spheres† as the â€Å"geometrical spatial regions containing each planetary orbit rather than physical bodies as in preceding Aristotelian celestial physics†. Kepler provided mathematical evidence to this theory, including the fact that the â€Å"eccentricity of each planet’s elliptical orbit and its major and minor axesRead MoreIntellectual And Emotional Skills Of Practicing Music765 Words   |  4 PagesINTELLECTUAL AND EMOTIONAL SKILLS Practicing music affects human brains by improving intellectual and emotional skills. When a person plays an instrument, certain parts of the brain which are involved in controlling memory, hearing and motor skills are activated. In training music, a huge load of memory is required because a brain has to receive complicated auditory input. Therefore, the capacity to memorize expands and increases effectively (Spray, 2015). Songs don t only help kids memorize alphabetsRead MoreEssay about Flute Acoustics546 Words   |  3 Pagesenough to support a 10cm height difference in a water manometer). (http://newt.phys.unsw.edu.au/music/) The work done to accelerate the air in this jet is the source of power input to instrument. Sound requires an oscillating motion or air flow. In the flute, the air jet, and the resonance in the air in instrument produces an oscillating component of the flow. As the air starts to vibrate some of the energy (sound ) is radiated out the ends and through any open holes. Most of the energy is lostRead More Physics of Electric Guitars Essay1309 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction More than any other instrument, the electric guitar has shaped and redefined music in the last century. Although popular culture did not pay much attention to it when it was first introduced in the 1930s, it has since become equated with the very essence of rock and roll music. On an international level, the electric guitar is by far the most famous instrument to come out of the United States (howstuffworks.com). Background Inventors have been playing with the idea

Timeline free essay sample

October 7,1763 The Proclamation of 1763, signed by King George III of England, prohibits any English settlement west of the Appalachian mountains and requires those already settled in those regions to return east in an attempt to ease tensions with Native Americans. April 5,1764 The Sugar Act is passed by the English Parliament to offset the war debt brought on by the French and Indian War and to help pay for the expenses of running the colonies and newly acquired territories. This act doubles the duties to imported sugar, textiles, coffee, and other items. This is more work for the colonies, for a war that they didn’t want to happen. 1764 The English Parliament passes a measure to reorganize the American customs system to better enforce British trade laws, which have often been ignored in the past. In the past, the English Parliament has ignored to pass a measure to reorganize the American customs system to better enforce British trade laws. But now, after the Proclamation of 1763 and the Sugar Act, the colonies are seeing a pattern now. 1764 The Currency Act prohibits the colonists from issuing any legal tender paper money. This act threatens to destabilize the entire colonial economy of both the industrial North and agricultural South, thus uniting the colonists against it. March of 1765, the Stamp Act is passed by the English Parliament imposing the first direct tax on the American colonies, to offset the high costs of the British military organization in America. In the first time, Americans will not pay taxes to their own local legislatures, but directly to England. Also happening; The Quartering Act requires colonists to house British troops and supply them with food. 765 In July, the Sons of Liberty, an underground organization opposed to the Stamp Act. They used violence and intimidation to eventually force all of the British stamp agents to resign, as well to stop many American merchants from ordering British trade goods. 1765 In October, the Stamp Act Congress convenes in New York City, with representatives from nine of the colonies. The Congress prepares a resolution to be sent to King Georg e III and the English Parliament. The petition requests the repeal of the Stamp Act and the Acts of 1764. The petition asserts that only colonial legislatures can tax colonial residents and that taxation without representation violates the colonists basic civil rights. 1765 In December, British General Thomas Gage, commander of all English military forces in America, asks the New York assembly to make colonists comply with the Quartering Act and house and supply his troops. Also in December, the American boycott of English imports spreads, as over 200 Boston merchants join the movement. 1766 In January, the New York assembly refuses to completely comply with Gen. Gages request to enforce the Quartering Act. March of 1766 King George III repealed the Stamp Act; the English Parliament passes the Declaratory Act stating that the British government has total power to legislate any laws governing the American colonies in all cases whatsoever. 1766 In August, violence breaks out in New York between British soldiers and armed colonists, including Sons of Liberty members. The violence erupts as a result of the continuing refusal of New York colonists to comply with the Quartering Act. In December, the New York legislature is suspended by the English Crown after once again voting to refuse to comply with the Act. 1767 In June, The English Parliament passes the Townshend Revenue Acts, imposing a new series of taxes on the colonists to offset the costs of administering and protecting the American colonies. Items taxed include imports such as paper, tea, glass, lead and paints. 1768 In February, Samuel Adams of Massachusetts writes a Circular Letter opposing taxation without representation and calling for the colonists to unite in their actions against the British government. The letter is sent to assemblies throughout the colonies and also instructs them on the methods the Massachusetts general court is using to oppose the Townshend Acts. May of 1768, a British warship armed with 50 cannons sails into Boston harbor after a call for help from custom commissioners who are constantly being harassed by Boston agitators. In June, a customs official is locked up in the cabin of the Liberty, a sloop owned by John Hancock. Imported wine is then unloaded illegally into Boston without payment of duties. Following this incident, customs officials seize Hancocks sloop. After threats of violence from Bostonians, the customs officials escape to an island off Boston, and then request the intervention of British troops. 1768 In July, the governor of Massachusetts dissolves the general court after the legislature defies his order to revoke Adams circular letter. In August, in Boston and New York, merchants agree to boycott most British goods until the Townshend Acts are repealed. In September, at a town meeting in Boston, residents are urged to arm themselves. Later in September, English warships sail into Boston Harbor, then two regiments of English infantry land in Boston and set up permanent residence to keep order. 1769 In March, merchants in Philadelphia join the boycott of British trade goods. In May, a set of resolutions written by George Mason is presented by George Washington to the Virginia House of Burgesses. The Virginia Resolves oppose taxation without representation, the British opposition to the circular letters, and British plans to possibly send American agitators to England for trial. Ten days later, the Royal governor of Virginia dissolves the House of Burgesses. However, its members meet the next day in a Williamsburg tavern and agree to a boycott of British trade goods, luxury items and slaves. 1770 Violence erupts in January between members of the Sons of Liberty in New York and 40 British soldiers over the posting of broadsheets by the British. Several men are seriously wounded. March 5, 1770 The Boston Massacre occurs as a mob harasses British soldiers who then fire their muskets pointblank into the crowd, killing three instantly, mortally wounding two others and injuring six. After the incident, the new Royal Governor of Massachusetts, Thomas Hutchinson, at the insistence of Sam Adams, withdraws British troops out of Boston to nearby harbor islands. The captain of the British soldiers, Thomas Preston, is then arrested along with eight of his men and charged with murder. 1770 In April, the Townshend Acts are repealed by the British. All duties on imports into the colonies are eliminated except for tea. Also, the Quartering Act is not renewed. 1770 In October, trial begins for the British soldiers arrested after the Boston Massacre. Colonial lawyers John Adams and Josiah Quincy successfully defend Captain Preston and six of his men, who are acquitted. Two other soldiers are found guilty of manslaughter, branded, then released. 1772 In June, a British customs schooner, the Gaspee, runs aground off Rhode Island in Narragansett Bay. Colonists from Providence row out to the schooner and attack it, set the British crew ashore, then burn the ship. In September, a 500 pound reward is offered by the English Crown for the capture of those colonists, who would then be sent to England for trial. The announcement that they would be sent to England further upsets many American colonists. 1772 In November, a Boston town meeting assembles, called by Sam Adams. During the meeting, a 21 member committee of correspondence is appointed to communicate with other towns and colonies. A few weeks later, the town meeting endorses three radical proclamations asserting the rights of the colonies to self-rule. 1773 In March, the Virginia House of Burgesses appoints an eleven member committee of correspondence to communicate with the other colonies regarding common complaints against the British. Members of that committee include, Thomas Jefferson, Patrick Henry and Richard Henry Lee. Virginia is followed a few months later by New Hampshire, Rhode Island, Connecticut and South Carolina. 1773 May 10, the Tea Act takes effect. It maintains a threepenny per pound import tax on tea arriving in the colonies, which had already been in effect for six years. It also gives the near bankrupt British East India Company a virtual tea monopoly by allowing it to sell directly to colonial agents, bypassing any middlemen, thus underselling American merchants. The East India Company had successfully lobbied Parliament for such a measure. In September, Parliament authorizes the company to ship half a million pounds of tea to a group of chosen tea agents. 1773 In October, colonists hold a mass meeting in Philadelphia in opposition to the tea tax and the monopoly of the East India Company. A committee then forces British tea agents to resign their positions. In November, a town meeting is held in Boston endorsing the actions taken by Philadelphia colonists. Bostonians then try, but fail, to get their British tea agents to resign. A few weeks later, three ships bearing tea sail into Boston harbor. 1773 November 29/30, two mass meetings occur in Boston over what to do about the tea aboard the three ships now docked in Boston harbor. Colonists decide to send the tea on the ship, Dartmouth, back to England without paying any import duties. The Royal Governor of Massachusetts, Hutchinson, is opposed to this and orders harbor officials not to let the ship sail out of the harbor unless the tea taxes have been paid. December 16, 1773 About 8000 Bostonians gather to hear Sam Adams tell them Royal Governor Hutchinson has repeated his command not to allow the ships out of the harbor until the tea taxes are paid. That night, the Boston Tea Party occurs as colonial activists disguise themselves as Mohawk Indians then board the ships and dump all 342 containers of tea into the harbor. 1774 In March, an angry English Parliament passes the first of a series of Coercive Acts (called Intolerable Acts by Americans) in response to the rebellion in Massachusetts. The Boston Port Bill effectively shuts down all commercial shipping in Boston harbor until Massachusetts pays the taxes owed on the tea dumped in the harbor and also reimburses the East India Company for the loss of the tea. 1774 May 12, Bostonians at a town meeting call for a boycott of British imports in response to the Boston Port Bill. May 13, General Thomas Gage, commander of all British military forces in the colonies, arrives in Boston and replaces Hutchinson as Royal governor, putting Massachusetts under military rule. He is followed by the arrival of four regiments of British troops. 1774 May 17-23, colonists in Providence, New York and Philadelphia begin calling for an intercolonial congress to overcome the Coercive Acts and discuss a common course of action against the British. 1774 May 20, The English Parliament enacts the next series of Coercive Acts, which include the Massachusetts Regulating Act and the Government Act virtually ending any self-rule by the colonists there. Instead, the English Crown and the Royal governor assume political power formerly exercised by colonists. Also enacted; the Administration of Justice Act which protects royal officials in Massachusetts from being sued in colonial courts, and the Quebec Act establishing a centralized government in Canada controlled by the Crown and English Parliament. The Quebec Act greatly upsets American colonists by extending the southern boundary of Canada into territories claimed by Massachusetts, Connecticut and Virginia. 1774 In June, a new version of the 1765 Quartering Act is enacted by the English Parliament requiring all of the American colonies to provide housing for British troops in occupied houses and taverns and in unoccupied buildings. In September, Massachusetts Governor Gage seizes that colonys arsenal of weapons at Charlestown. 1774 September 5 to October 26, the First Continental Congress meets in Philadelphia with 56 delegates, representing every colony, except Georgia. Attendants include Patrick Henry, George Washington, Sam Adams and John Hancock. On September 17, the Congress declares its opposition to the Coercive Acts, saying they are not to be obeyed, and also promotes the formation of local militia units. On October 14, a Declaration and Resolves is adopted that opposes the Coercive Acts, the Quebec Act, and other measure taken by the British that undermine self-rule. The rights of the colonists are asserted, including the rights to life, liberty and property. On October 20, the Congress adopts the Continental Association in which delegates agree to a boycott of English imports, effect an embargo of exports to Britain, and discontinue the slave trade. 1775 February 1, in Cambridge, Mass. , a provincial congress is held during which John Hancock and Joseph Warren begin defensive preparations for a state of war. February 9, the English Parliament declares Massachusetts to be in a state of rebellion. March 23, in Virginia, Patrick Henry delivers a speech against British rule, stating, Give me liberty or give me death! March 30, the New England Restraining Act is endorsed by King George III, requiring New England colonies to trade exclusively with England and also bans fishing in the North Atlantic. 1775 In April, Massachusetts Governor Gage is ordered to enforce the Coercive Acts and suppress open rebellion among the colonists by all necessary force.